Strawberries Planting, Growing


Sweet, juicy strawberries are treats when right off the plant. Supermarket berries tend to be tart with grainy texture; this is because the natural sugar in the berries begins converting to starch as soon as it is plucked from the plant.



Strawberry plants come in three types:


    •  Day-Neutral:    Insensitive to day length, these varieties produce buds, fruits and runners continuously if temperature remains between 35 and 85. Production is less than that of Junebearers.
    •  Everbearer:   These varieties form buds during the long days of summer and the short days of autumn. The summer-formed buds flower and fruit in autumn, and the autumn-formed buds fruit the following spring.
    •  Junebearer:   Length-of-day sensitive, these varieties produce buds in the autumn, flowers and fruits the following spring, and runners during the long days of summer.

      Recommended Varieties

      •  ‘ Northeaster’ is best suited for the northeastern US and southeastern Canada. Fruit has strong flavor and aroma.
      •  ‘Sable’ is hardy to zone 3, early season, great flavor.
      •  ‘Primetime’ is a mild-flavored, disease-resistant variety, best adapted to the Mid-Atlantic.


      Planting



        •  Buy disease-resistant plants from a reputable nursery, of a variety recommended in your area.
        •  Plan to plant as soon as the ground can be worked in the Spring. See your local frost dates.
        •  Strawberries are sprawling plants. Seedlings will send out runners, or ‘daughter’ plants, which in turn will send out their own runners.
        •  Make planting holes deep and wide enough to accommodate the entire root system without bending it. However, don’t plant too deep: The roots should be covered, but the crown should be right at the soil surface.
        •  Provide adequate space for sprawling. Set plants out 20 inches apart, and leave 4 feet between rows.
        •  Roots shouldn’t be longer than 8 inches when plants are set out. Trim them if necessary.
        •  pH should be between 5.5 and 7. If necessary, amend your soil in advance.
        •  Strawberry plants require 6-10 hours a day of direct sunlight, so choose your planting site accordingly.
        •  Tolerant of different soil types, although prefer loam. Begin working in aged manure or compost a couple months before planting.
        •  Planting site must be well-drained. Raised beds are a particularly good option for strawberry plants.
        •  Practice crop rotation for the most success. Do not plant in a site that recently had strawberries, tomatoes, peppers.

        Care


        In the first year, pick off blossoms to discourage strawberry plants from fruiting. If not allowed to bear fruit, they will spend their food reserves on developing healthy roots. The yields will be much greater in the second year.

        Eliminate daughter plants as needed. First and second generations produce higher yields. Try to space each plant about 10 inches apart.

        Moisture is incredibly important due to shallow roots. Water adequately, about one inch per week. Strawberry plants need a lot of water when the runners and flowers are developing and again in the fall when the plants are mature.

        Keep the beds mulched to reduce water needs and weed invasion.
        Be diligent about weeding. Weed by hand, especially in the first months after planting.

        When the growing season is over, mow or cut foliage down to one inch and mulch plants about 4 inches deep with straw, pine needles or other organic material. This can be done after the first couple of frosts, or when air temps reach 20° F.

        Remove mulch in early spring, after danger of frost has passed.



        Diseases


          1. Gray Mold
          2. Powdery Mildew
          3. Japanese Beetles
          4. Spider Mites

          Harvest/Storage
            •  Fruit is ready for harvesting 4–6 weeks after blossoming.
            •  Harvest only fully red (ripe) berries, and pick every three days.
            •  Cut by the stem; do not pull the berry.
            •  Harvest will last up to 3 weeks. You should have an abundance of berries, depending on the variety.
            •  Store unwashed berries in the refrigerator for 3–5 days.
            •  Strawberries can be frozen whole for about 2 months.


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