Medications for type 2 diabetes





Insulin can also help manage high blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes, but only when other treatments have not had the desired effect.


Women with type 2 diabetes who become pregnant may also use it to reduce the effects of the condition on the fetus.


In people with high blood glucose levels in spite of applying lifestyle measures to bring them down, doctors can prescribe oral, non-insulin drugs to lower blood glucose. These drugs are listed below.


If a person needs two or more treatments to control glucose levels, insulin treatment may be necessary.

Meglitinides


Meglitinides also enhance insulin secretion. These might also improve the effectiveness of the body in releasing insulin during meals, and include:

    • nateglinide (Starlix)
    • repaglinide (Prandin)


    Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors


    Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors cause carbohydrates to be digested and absorbed more slowly. This lowers glucose levels in the blood after meals.

      • acarbose (Precose)
      • miglitol (Glyset)

      Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors

      Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors cause the body to expel more glucose into the urine from the bloodstream. They might also lead to a modest amount of weight loss, which can be a benefit for type 2 diabetes.

        • canagliflozin (Invokana)
        • dapagliflozin (Farxiga)

         Thiazolidinediones

        Thiazolidinediones reduce the resistance of tissues to the effects of insulin. They are relatively new drugs, so they need monitoring for potential safety issues.


        • pioglitazone (Actos)
        • rosiglitazone (Avandia)

        Sulfonylureas


        Sulfonylureas includes : -

        • glimepiride (Amaryl)
        • glipizide (Glucotrol)
        • chlorpropamide (Diabinese)

        Possible future delivery methods





        Diabetes researchers have explored way, but these new methods require more study before wider use.

        Possible future delivery methods for insulin include:

        • by nasal or spray across the mucous membranes, the surfaces inside the nose
        • by the inhalation of powder alongside any injections
        • through patches on the skin


        The idea of an artificial pancreas is an ongoing area of research
        Surgeons could also transplant insulin-producing pancreatic cells from donors.

        Personalized medicine is a promising area for the treatment of all types of diabetes. Better grouping of the diseases and more targeted treatment may result from the developments in genetics and big data.

        click here to read Medications for type 1 diabetes


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