Brain Hemorrhage  Symptoms, Signs, Types, Causes, Treatments

 

Brain Hemorrhage 


Bleeding in the brain (also called a brain hemorrhage or brain bleed) can happen because of an accident, brain tumor, stroke, or high blood pressure caused by congenital or other health conditions.
Brain bleed can reduce oxygen delivery to the brain, create extra pressure in the brain and kill brain cells. If you’re having brain bleed symptoms, it’s crucial to get treatment as quickly as possible.
A brain hemorrhage is a type of stroke. It's caused by an artery in the brain bursting and causing localized bleeding in the surrounding tissues. This bleeding kills brain cells.
The Greek root for blood is hemo. Hemorrhage literally means "blood bursting forth." Brain hemorrhages are also called cerebral hemorrhages, intracranial hemorrhages, or intracerebral hemorrhages. They account for about 13% of strokes.


Symptoms

Brain bleed symptoms may include:

    1. Sudden or severe headache
    2. Weakness, tingling or numbness in the arms or legs (often on one side)
    3. Nausea or vomiting
    4. Changes in vision 
    5. Changes in balance
    6. Difficulty speaking or understanding speech
    7. Difficulty using fine motor skills 
    8. Seizures
    9. Loss of consciousness

    If you’re experiencing brain hemorrhage symptoms, be sure to call your doctor


    What Causes Bleeding in the Brain?


    There are several risk factors and causes of brain hemorrhages.
    The most common include:


    • Head trauma . Injury is the most common cause of bleeding in the brain for those younger than age 50.
    • High blood pressure . This chronic condition can, over a long period of time, weaken blood vessel walls. Untreated high blood pressure is a major preventable cause of brain hemorrhages.
    • Aneurysm . This is a weakening in a blood vessel wall that swells. It can burst and bleed into the brain, leading to a stroke.
    • Blood vessel abnormalities. (Arteriovenous malformations) Weaknesses in the blood vessels in and around the brain may be present at birth and diagnosed only if symptoms develop.
    • Amyloid angiopathy. This is an abnormality of the blood vessel walls that sometimes occurs with aging and high blood pressure. It may cause many small, unnoticed bleeds before causing a large one.
    • Blood or bleeding disorders. Hemophilia and sickle cell anemia can both contribute to decreased levels of blood platelets.
    • Liver disease. This condition is associated with increased bleeding in general.
    • Brain tumors .


    Treatment Options
    Brain bleed treatments depend on the size of the hemorrhage, its location in the brain, and the amount of swelling it causes. Once your doctor locates the source of the bleeding, hemorrhage treatments may include:



    • BrainPath® surgery: This approach allows your surgeon to remove a tumor or a blood clot through a dime-sized channel, or port. Compared with traditional open surgery, it typically causes less scarring, fewer complications, and has a quicker recovery time.
    • Surgery: In some cases, traditional surgery may be needed to drain blood from the brain or to repair damaged blood vessels.
    • Draining the fluid that surrounds the brain: This creates room for the hematoma to expand without damaging brain cells.
    • Medication: Drugs are used to control blood pressure, seizures or headaches.
    • Catheter: A long, thin tube is threaded through blood vessels until it reaches the affected area. 
    • Physical, occupational and speech therapy: These brain bleed treatments can help individuals regain brain functions (such as the ability to speak) that may have been affected by brain bleed.

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